建昌帮辅料糠的质量标准

目的:建立辅料糠的质量标准,为相关饮片的制备与质量控制提供参考。方法:采用直观描述法描述糠的外观性状,按《中国药典》2015年版中方法测定糠中水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分及水溶性浸出物含量,采用紫外分光光度法测定糠中总黄酮含量,检测波长510 nm。结果:10批糠的性状、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、水溶性浸出物、总黄酮含量均存在差异,总黄酮(以芦丁计)在3.232~16.16 mg·L-1线性关系良好(r=0.999 5),平均回收率99.31%。结论:建立的方法简便易行、重复性好,可用于糠的质量控制。建议糠的水分≤14.0%,总灰分≤17.0%,酸不溶性灰分≤15.0%,水溶性浸出物≥1.5%,总黄酮质量分数≥0.16%(以芦丁计)。     

仝小林运用炒栀子、连翘、薄荷清鼻窍经验

仝小林认为鼻炎的治疗当辨涕之脓清、辨有无过敏。当其辨证要点为黄浓涕时,仝院士常精选三味药物——炒栀子、连翘、薄荷合成三味小方,炒栀子泻火除烦,清热解毒,连翘清热解毒,疏散风热,薄荷疏散风热,清利头目,利咽透疹,三者以清上焦之热为主,共奏清鼻窍之功,在鼻炎的治疗中具有较好的疗效。该小方临床常用剂量分别为薄荷6~15 g,炒栀子、连翘15~30 g。     

Acceptability of Reduced-Fat and Fried-Food-Free Menu in Self-Service Restaurant

The main purpose of this study was to determine how the reduction of fat content in meals affects food acceptability in a self-service restaurant. Technical Preparation Files and combined ovens were used to modify the menu. The 14-month trial was divided in two phases, in which 75 clients evaluated the menu, without knowing the changes. Flavor, texture, appearance and global quality were measured using a 7-point hedonic scale. Principal and Hierarchical Factor Analysis as well as Fischer-test (? = .05) were used to test differences in acceptance proportion. The reduction of added fat (up to 2%) and the removal of fried food resulted in an equivalent/higher acceptance (from 71 ± 8 to 86 ± 7), whereas the rejection proportion decreased. The mean acceptance score, in both phases, was satisfactory for all dishes. Hence, it was concluded that the reduction of added fat and the use of combined ovens resulted in a better acceptance of the menu.     

Effect of feeding blended and interesterified vegetable oils on antioxidant enzymes in rats

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of feeding blended and interesterified oils prepared using coconut oil (CNO) with rice bran oil (RBO) or sesame oil (SESO), with a polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) ratio of 0.8-1.0, on oxidative stress and endogenous antioxidant system. Feeding blended oils resulted in significantly increased hepatic lipid peroxide levels in rats given blended oil CNO + RBO or CNO + SESO by 1.3 and 1.6-fold, respectively compared to rats fed diet containing CNO. The lipid peroxide level in erythrocyte membrane also increased in rats fed blended oil compared to rats fed with CNO. Rats fed interesterified oils prepared from these blended oils also showed increased lipid peroxide level compared to rats given CNO diet, however it was not significantly different from rats fed with their respective blends. There was a significant increase in the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes super oxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase after feeding blended and interesterified oils. The activities of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-ATPase were increased in rats fed blended and interesterified oils. These results indicated that the P/S ratio of dietary fat is an important factor in determining the oxidative stress, activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and activity of membrane bound enzymes.     

Rice bran enzymatic extract–supplemented diets modulate adipose tissue inflammation markers in Zucker rats

ObjectiveChronic low-grade inflammation in obesity is characterized by macrophage accumulation in white adipose tissue and adipokine production deregulation. Obesity also is characterized by oxidative stress related to inflammatory signaling. The aim of this study was to analyze whether dietary supplementation with a rice bran enzymatic extract (RBEE), rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic properties, would ameliorate the inflammatory state existing in visceral adipose tissue of obese Zucker rats.MethodsObese Zucker rats and their littermate controls, lean Zucker rats ages 8 wk, were daily fed an enriched diet with either 1% or 5% RBEE supplementation over 20 wk. Measurement of adipocyte size and mRNA expression of proinflammatory molecules from visceral abdominal/epididymal tissue was performed.ResultsAn RBEE-supplemented diet decreased the overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as the overproduction of IL-6 and iNOs in visceral abdominal adipose tissue and visceral epididymal adipose tissue, respectively. An RBEE-supplemented diet modified the adipocyte-size distribution pattern in both abdominal and epididymal adipose tissue, shifting it toward smaller cell sizes.ConclusionsChronic administration of a novel water-soluble RBEE, rich in polyphenols, tocotrienols and γ-oryzanol, could be a suitable treatment to ameliorate the obesity-associated proinflammatory response.     

Blueberry husks,rye bran and multi-strain probiotics affect the severity of colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium

Objective. The enteric microbiota is a pivotal factor in the development of intestinal inflammation in humans but probiotics, dietary fibres and phytochemicals can have anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of multi-strain probiotics and two conceivable prebiotics in an experimental colitis model. Material and methods. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a fibre-free diet alone or in combination with Lactobacillus crispatus DSM 16743, L. gasseri DSM 16737 and Bifidobacterium infantis DSM 15158 and/or rye bran and blueberry husks. Colitis was induced by 5% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) given by oro-gastric tube. Colitis severity, inflammatory markers, gut-load of lactobacilli and Enterobacteriaceae, bacterial translocation and formation of carboxylic acids (CAs) were analysed. Results. The disease activity index (DAI) was lower in all treatment groups. Viable counts of Enterobacteriaceae were reduced and correlated positively with colitis severity, while DAI was negatively correlated with several CAs, e.g. butyric acid. The addition of probiotics to blueberry husks lowered the level of caecal acetic acid and increased that of propionic acid, while rye bran in combination with probiotics increased caecal CA levels and decreased distal colonic levels. Blueberry husks with probiotics reduced the incidence of bacterial translocation to the liver, colonic levels of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde and serum interleukin-12. Acetic and butyric acids in colonic content correlated negatively to malondialdehyde. Conclusions. A combination of probiotics and blueberry husks or rye bran enhanced the anti-inflammatory effects compared with probiotics or dietary fibres alone. These combinations can be used as a preventive or therapeutic approach to dietary amelioration of intestinal inflammation.     

薏苡仁麸炒前后治疗脾虚水湿不化谱效关系研究

目的研究薏苡仁麸炒前后HPLC指纹图谱与治疗脾虚水湿不化药效之间的相关性,为明确薏苡仁麸炒前后药效物质基础提供实验依据。方法通过HPLC法建立麸炒前后薏苡仁指纹图谱;建立脾虚水湿不化大鼠模型,比较其麸炒前后的药效作用;同时采用灰色关联度法,对5批生品及其麸炒品进行谱效关系分析,分别找出关联度较大的化学成分,并比较麸炒前后谱-效关系差异。结果 HPLC指纹图谱中指认9个共有峰。与模型组比较,生品与麸炒品均有显著性差异;与生品组比较,麸炒薏苡仁各药效指标明显高于生品。麸炒品中9种共有成分与GAS、MTL、SS、体质量、胸腺指数以及脾指数的关联度明显高于生品;生品中9种共有成分与VIP的关联度明显高于麸炒品。结论薏苡仁治疗脾虚水湿不化的药效是多成分共同作用结果,麸炒后药效明显高于麸炒前。     

苍术麸炒后增量成分研 究简

目的 明确苍术麸炒后的增量成分并建立该成分的含量测定方法.方法 采用高效液相色谱法对生苍术和麸炒苍术的色谱图进行比较,并与对照品进行比对,确定麸炒后的增量成分;增量成分的含量测定采用高效液相色谱法,色谱条件为Tigerkin C18（5 μm,4.6 mm＆#215;250 mm）色谱柱;流动相为乙腈-水（5：95）;检测波长为284 nm;柱温为25℃;流速为1.0 mL/min.结果 5-羟甲基糠醛是苍术麸炒后的主要增量成分;测定了14个不同地区市售苍术片及自制的麸炒苍术片中5-羟甲基糠醛的含量,发现麸炒苍术中该成分的量高于生苍术片2倍以上.结论 麸炒导致苍术中5-羟甲基糠醛的含量增加.     

基于GC-MS的温运合剂及其君药麸炒苍术水提物对小鼠脾虚泄泻的作用研究

〖H探究温运合剂及其君药麸炒苍术水提物对脾虚泄泻模型小鼠的治疗作用。方法 选用番泻叶水煎液制备大鼠脾虚模型。检测温运合剂及其麸炒苍术水提物不同剂量对粪便内短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）水平的影响。结果 与模型组比较,麸炒苍术水提物低剂量组小鼠粪便中的丙酸水平明显升高,麸炒苍术水提物高剂量组小鼠粪便中的丙酸、异戊酸水平明显升高,温运合剂高低剂量组均能显著提高小鼠粪便中的乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸水平。结论 温运合剂及其君药麸炒苍术水提物均能明显拮抗番泻叶所致小鼠脾虚泻,提高短链脂肪酸水平可能是温运合剂及其君药麸炒苍术水提物发挥运脾止泻功效的作用机制之一。     

Influence of resistant starch alone or combined with wheat bran on gastric emptying and protein digestion in healthy volunteers

Objective. Resistant starch (RS) is not absorbed in the small intestine, but is partly fermented in the colon and may positively influence putative risk factors for colon cancer. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of RS type 3 (retrograded amylose) alone or combined with wheat bran on gastric emptying (GE) and protein assimilation. Material andmethods. GE and protein assimilation were investigated by means of breath-test technology in 20 healthy volunteers who were randomly divided into two groups, each subject performing two tests. In each test, the volunteers received a labelled test meal either as such or in combination with, respectively, 15 g RS3 or 15 g RS3 combined with 6 g wheat bran (WB). Breath samples were collected during the 6 h after administration of a test meal containing egg proteins, intrinsically labelled with ¹³C-leucine, to measure protein digestion and sodium-¹⁴C-octanoate for measurement of GE. Results. Intake of RS3 +WB did not influence GE time compared to baseline values, whereas intake of RS3 seemed to hasten GE: from 93±32 min to 55±15 min (p=0.012). The overall protein assimilation parameters at baseline were not significantly different from those obtained after simultaneous intake of RS3 +WB, whereas RS3 significantly shortened the time of maximum excretion compared to baseline, but the extent of protein digestion after RS3 intake was not affected (12.54±3.60% versus 13.43±3.40%). Conclusions. The presence of RS3 alone or in combination with wheat bran demonstrates that there are no adverse effects on protein digestion and no influence on the nitrogen supply to the colon.